Light therapy has emerged as a non-invasive, effective tool in modern skincare, offering targeted benefits based on the color or wavelength of light used. Each color of light penetrates the skin to different depths and stimulates distinct biological processes. While red and near-infrared light are best known for anti-aging, other wavelengths like blue, green, yellow, and purple light also contribute to clearer, brighter, and healthier skin. This article explores the specific effects of different colored lights in LED light therapy, focusing on their cosmetic and rejuvenating roles.

Red Light (620–660 nm)

Red light is one of the most studied wavelengths in cosmetic phototherapy. It penetrates deeply into the dermis and has been shown to stimulate fibroblasts—the cells responsible for collagen and elastin production. By enhancing mitochondrial activity and ATP production, red light promotes skin firmness, reduces the appearance of fine lines, and improves texture. Regular use leads to smoother, plumper skin and a noticeable reduction in the signs of aging. Clinical studies by Lee et al. (2007) and Barolet et al. (2009) demonstrated significant improvement in collagen density and reduction in wrinkle depth after red light exposure.

Near-Infrared Light (800–850 nm)

Near-infrared (NIR) light penetrates even deeper than red light, reaching into the subcutaneous layers of the skin and underlying tissues. Its primary benefits include enhanced wound healing, improved circulation, and reduced inflammation. It supports long-term skin health by stimulating deep tissue repair, making it ideal for skin tightening and recovery after aesthetic procedures. Avci et al. (2013) explained that NIR light promotes collagen synthesis, reduces oxidative stress, and accelerates cell regeneration.

Blue Light (405–470 nm)

Blue light is best known for its antibacterial properties, particularly against Cutibacterium acnes, the bacteria responsible for acne. It penetrates the upper layers of the skin and helps reduce oil production while eliminating acne-causing bacteria. Although not primarily used for anti-aging, blue light is effective in improving the clarity and texture of acne-prone skin. Papageorgiou et al. (2000) and Gold et al. (2009) showed that consistent use of blue light significantly reduces acne lesions and inflammation.

Yellow/Amber Light (570–590 nm)

Yellow or amber light targets the upper dermis and has a calming effect on the skin. It is especially effective for reducing redness, irritation, and blotchiness. Yellow light improves lymphatic flow and detoxification, which contributes to a more radiant and even complexion. It also enhances circulation and promotes a healthier skin barrier. Kim et al. (2017) noted its benefits for patients recovering from cosmetic procedures and those with sensitive skin.

Green Light (510–530 nm)

Green light is often used for pigmentation issues such as sunspots, melasma, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. It works by targeting melanocytes, reducing the overproduction of melanin, and gradually evening out skin tone. In addition to brightening the skin, green light can also soothe irritation and calm sensitive skin types. Studies like those by Zhou et al. (2010) demonstrated green light’s effectiveness in suppressing melanogenesis in melanocyte cultures.

Purple Light (Red + Blue Combination)

Purple light therapy combines the benefits of red and blue light, offering both anti-aging and antibacterial properties. This dual-wavelength approach is ideal for individuals who are managing both acne and early signs of aging. Red light rejuvenates and repairs the skin, while blue light keeps pores clear and reduces breakouts. This synergy makes purple light suitable for combination skin types and those experiencing hormonal fluctuations.

Cyan/Turquoise Light (500–510 nm)

Though less studied than other wavelengths, cyan or turquoise light is known for its calming and anti-inflammatory effects. It is particularly useful after aggressive treatments such as microneedling or chemical peels. It helps soothe sensitive or reactive skin, reduce puffiness, and support recovery by enhancing microcirculation and cellular detox.

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Conclusion

Different colors of light therapy offer specific skin benefits depending on their wavelength and depth of penetration. Red and near-infrared light are ideal for anti-aging, skin firmness, and long-term rejuvenation. Blue light combats acne, green light fades pigmentation, yellow light calms and brightens, while purple light offers a balanced approach to aging and acne. Cyan light supports post-treatment recovery and sensitive skin management. By understanding what each color does, individuals can tailor their LED therapy routine to address their unique skin concerns with precision and scientific backing.

References:

1. Lee SY, Park KH, Choi JW, et al. A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, and split-face clinical study on LED phototherapy for skin rejuvenation. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2007;88(1):51–67.
2. Barolet D, Boucher A. Prophylactic low-level light therapy for the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids: A case series. Lasers Surg Med. 2008;40(7):543–550.
3. Avci P, Gupta A, Sadasivam M, et al. Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) in skin: stimulating, healing, restoring. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2013;32(1):41–52.
4. Papageorgiou P, Katsambas A, Chu A. Phototherapy with blue (415 nm) and red (660 nm) light in the treatment of acne vulgaris - PubMed. Br J Dermatol. 2000;142(5):973–8.
5. Gold MH, Tanaka Y, Phelps R, Biron JA. Clinical efficacy of home-use blue-light devices for mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2009;2(7):26–9.
6. Kim WS, Calderhead RG. Is light-emitting diode phototherapy (LED-LLLT) really effective? Laser Ther. 2011;20(3):205–15